How to Draw House Plans With Mechanicals

Mechanical Drawings

The encompass canvas for mechanical drawings should contain advisable notes, legends (chart or table of symbols and abbreviations), and details. The mechanical plan specifies the blueprint of or the modifications to the mechanical organization, ductwork layout and dimensions, mechanical equipment location, damper locations, design air-delivery rates, diffuser locations, thermostat locations, and supplemental cooling systems if required. Mechanical plans are normally identified equally Chiliad-ane, M-2, Thousand-3, etc. Some consultants prefer the heating, ventilating, and ac drawings, usually referred to equally the HVAC drawings, to exist sequentially numbered and prefixed by the letter "H"; the plumbing drawings to exist prefixed by the letter "P"; and the fire-protection drawings to be prefixed by the letters "FP." Nearly of the work shown on these types of drawings is in plan view. Because of the diagrammatic nature of mechanical drawings, the plan view offers the best illustration of the location and configuration of the work.

Due to the large amount of information required for mechanical work and the close proximity of pipe, valves, and connections, the engineer utilizes a variety of symbols and abbreviations to convey the design intent. Examples of these symbols and their significant can be found in Chapter eight.

Figure six.15 Foundation plan for a residence.

Figure 6.sixteen Typical examples of structural details.

Mechanical systems deal with the heating and cooling of buildings or spaces. The two primary methods of heating and cooling utilise air or water. In an all-air system hot or cold air is transported to the space with supply and return air ducts. A typical example is a residential forced-air furnace. The furnace uses gas or oil to estrus the air. The air is forced through the ductwork by an electrically powered fan in the furnace. A carve up air-conditioning unit is installed for common cold air. For virtually commercial buildings, a large unit of measurement, often located on the roof, powers the all-air organisation. Supply-air ductwork, registers, and return-air grilles are required in all spaces within the building.

An all-h2o heating organisation uses a type of coil through which hot water is circulated. The near common example is the fin-tube radiator constitute in older homes, typically located in front of a window. Today the almost common organization is the radiant floor heating console.

An all-electric heating system uses electricity to heat elements within a radiator. The most common is the baseboard heater. It is used when a furnace is not installed. For example, many small cottages utilize baseboard heaters. Smaller, older commercial buildings rely on a baseboard installation. This system can also be found in larger commercial buildings as an addition to other systems. An electric radiator with a congenital-in fan might be located at an outside entrance door to provide actress heat on the inside.

The mechanical drawings provide the client, the architect, and the permit department with the consummate HVAC layout for the job. These drawings are typically role of the construction-drawing set. They are submitted with the construction drawings for a building-allow awarding (Figure 6.17). They are as well part of the package for pricing the projection. They are used for structure. All ducting, venting, exhaust fans, and heating and/or cooling units must be supplied and installed as per the canonical drawings.

A mechanical-engineering consultant produces the mechanical drawings. Often the same person or visitor will produce the electrical and plumbing drawings. These drawings must comply with the various building codes including all provincial and local codes.

Generally, the engineer uses these plans and incorporates his/her ducting layout. Diffusers, returnair grilles, and exhaust fans are drawn in equally symbols. Heating and/or cooling systems are specified and their location indicated. Legends, schedules, details, and notes specific to the project are added.

On small projects, all information required is covered on ane or two drawing sheets. For big or complex projects, many drawing pages are necessary to cover all areas of the project.

Typically, the engineer's drawings must note the blazon, location, and number of heating and/or air-workout units. HVAC and electrical connections are specified, as well as any connections to gas lines or h2o systems. The thermostat type, location, and number are as well noted. Figure half-dozen.xviii shows a refrigerant-pipage detail diagram

Many projects crave that oestrus-loss and heat-gain calculations be provided. Air-balancing information or air-distribution-device schedules are usually included. The information required depends on the type of projection being built.

Many cities and towns have energy-conservation regulations. The engineer's drawings must abide by all codes and bylaws pertaining to the city, town, or province where the project is located.

The following are typically included in a prepare of mechanical drawings:

• Plans showing the size, blazon, and layout of ducting

• Diffusers, heat registers, return-air grilles, and dampers

• Turning vanes and ductwork insulation

• HVAC unit types, quantities, and location

• Thermostat types, quantities, and location

• Electrical, h2o, or gas connections

Effigy half-dozen.17A Typical HVAC floor layout showing ducting drawn to a scale of 1/8 inch = i human foot, 0 inches. HVAC notes and code and design conditions are included on the sheet.

• Ventilation and exhaust fans

• Symbol legend, general notes, and specific key notes

• Heating and/or cooling load summary

Other data, depending on the complexity of the project, may include:

• Connection to existing systems

• Demolition of part or all of existing systems

• Fume detector and firestat for ducting

• Thermostat programming

Effigy 6.17B Diagram showing HVAC ducting sizes, connections, and layout.

• Heat-loss and heat-gain calculations per area

• Round-duct, turning-vane, and lay-in-diffuser details

• Special atmospheric condition, such as seismic restraint codes

Engineer's drawings are required for all commercial projects involving HVAC work, including additions, renovations, or new structure. A permit is required prior to commencing any on-site work.

Drawings and permits are also needed for residential projects when any substantial work related to HVAC is to take place. For modest projects, a licensed mechanical contractor can provide the information required to obtain a allow.

Concept and designs are the first stage of whatever project. When established, the next phase is construction drawings. In one case the floor and reflected-ceiling plans are consummate, they are passed to the engineer to produce the mechanical drawings. The engineer'due south drawings get office of the construction drawing set.

Effigy half-dozen.18 Schematic diagram for a refrigerant-piping particular for air conditioning.

REFRIGERANT PIPING DETAIL (AIR Conditioning)

Figure half-dozen.18 Schematic diagram for a refrigerant-piping detail for air conditioning.

Continue reading here: Plumbing Drawings

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Source: https://www.northernarchitecture.us/building-codes/mechanical-drawings.html

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